Double spending |
The act of spending a digital currency more than once. |
Cryptocurrency |
A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. |
Blockchain |
A growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. |
Transaction |
A transfer of value between two parties that is included in the blockchain. |
Consensus |
A mechanism used in blockchain networks to ensure all nodes on the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. |
Node |
A computer or server that contains a copy of the entire blockchain network. |
Mining |
The process by which new transactions are added to the blockchain. It involves solving complex cryptographic puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks. |
51% attack |
A situation in which a single entity or group of entities control a majority of the computing power on a blockchain network, allowing them to control the network and potentially carry out fraudulent activities, such as double spending. |
Digital signature |
A method of verifying the authenticity of a digital message or document. It involves using public-key cryptography to encrypt a digital signature that can only be decrypted by the owner of the private key. |
Confirmation |
The process of verifying a transaction on a blockchain network. |
Proof of Work |
A consensus mechanism used in blockchain networks that requires computational work to be done before a new block can be added to the blockchain. |
Block reward |
The amount of cryptocurrency given to miners for validating transactions and adding them to the blockchain. |
Fork |
A situation in which a blockchain splits into two or more separate chains. This can occur when there is disagreement among the network participants over new rules or updates to the network. |
Decentralization |
The process of distributing computing power and decision-making authority away from a central authority or group of authorities. This is a key feature of blockchain networks. |
Immutable |
A characteristic of blockchain networks that means once a block has been added to the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. |
Satoshi Nakamoto |
The pseudonym used by the unknown creator of the Bitcoin protocol. |
Merkle tree |
A data structure used in blockchain networks to efficiently store and verify the integrity of large amounts of data. It involves creating a series of hashes from the data, which are then combined in pairs until a single hash is obtained. |
Cryptography |
The practice of secure communication in the presence of third parties. |
Public Key |
A cryptosystem that uses a pair of keys: a public key and a private key. The public key can be widely distributed, while the private key is kept secret. Messages encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. |
Private Key |
A secret key that is known only to the owner, and is used to decrypt messages that have been encrypted with the corresponding public key. |