Forensic Science Info Sheet
Forensic Science is the application of scientific techniques to the investigation of criminal cases. It involves the collection, preservation, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence. Here are the key concepts and definitions you need to know:
Key Concepts
- The Locard Exchange Principle: The principle that states that every contact leaves a trace.
- Chain of Custody: The documented and unbroken transfer of evidence from the crime scene to the laboratory to the courtroom.
- Crime Scene Investigation: The process of identifying, collecting, and preserving physical evidence from the scene of a crime.
- Physical Evidence: Any material that can provide useful information to investigators, including fingerprints, DNA, fibers, and weapons.
- Forensic Identification: The process of determining the source of physical evidence, such as matching fingerprints or identifying DNA samples.
Techniques and Tools
- Fingerprint Analysis: The process of comparing and matching fingerprints to identify suspects.
- DNA Analysis: The process of analyzing DNA samples to identify suspects or link suspects to crime scenes.
- Ballistics Analysis: The study of firearms and ammunition to identify the type of weapon and link it to a crime scene.
- Toxicology: The study of drugs and poisons in the body to determine cause of death or impairment.
Important Information
- Forensic techniques and tools are constantly evolving, and forensic scientists must stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field.
- Forensic evidence often plays a critical role in criminal investigations and court cases, and can be used to both exonerate innocent individuals and convict guilty ones.
- Forensic scientists often work closely with law enforcement agencies and may be called upon to testify in court.
Key Takeaways
- Forensic Science is the application of scientific techniques to the investigation of criminal cases.
- Physical evidence, including fingerprints, DNA, fibers, and weapons, can provide important information in criminal investigations.
- Techniques such as fingerprint and DNA analysis, ballistics analysis, and toxicology help forensic scientists identify suspects and solve crimes.
- Forensic scientists must stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field and may be called upon to testify in court.