Political |
Related to the government or public affairs of a country. For example, the political parties contesting the state election were busy campaigning across the state. |
Psychology |
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It deals with how individuals and groups think, feel, and act in relation to each other and their environment. For example, clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. |
Attitude |
A set of beliefs, feelings, emotions, and values about a person, place, or thing. For example, her positive attitude towards her job made her an excellent employee. |
Ideology |
A set of beliefs and values that shape a person's view of the world and expectations of how it should be. For example, Socialism is an ideology that advocates for collective ownership and control of resources. |
Perception |
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to form a meaningful and coherent understanding of the world. For example, people's perception of beauty may vary depending on personal experiences and cultural upbringing. |
Influence |
The power to affect or sway someone's thoughts, opinions, or behavior. For example, celebrities often have a significant influence on the fashion choices of their fans. |
Propaganda |
Information, ideas or rumors deliberately spread to help or harm a particular person, group, or movement. For example, Nazi propaganda posters were designed to arouse anti-Semitic feelings among Germans. |
Bias |
An inclination or preference that influences a person's judgment. For example, media outlets with a political bias tend to report news stories that favor their preferred political party or candidate. |
Authoritarianism |
A form of government where the rulers have unchecked power over citizens, often achieved through the suppression of civil liberties and the establishment of a totalitarian state. For example, North Korea is a country under authoritarian rule. |
Nationalism |
A political ideology or movement that prioritizes the interests of a particular nation, often to the exclusion of other countries or peoples. For example, the rise of nationalism in Europe contributed to the outbreak of World War I. |
Framing |
The way information is presented or framed to influence people's perceptions and opinions about an issue. For example, framing the debate around illegal aliens versus undocumented immigrants can produce different emotional responses in people. |
Persuasion |
The act of convincing someone to change their attitude, behavior, or beliefs through appeals to reason, emotion, or authority. For example, a persuasive speech can motivate people to support a candidate or a cause. |
Ideological |
Relating to a set of beliefs, values, and principles that shape one's worldview and political affiliation. For example, religious groups often have ideological differences that can influence their political positions. |
Cognitive Dissonance |
A state of mental discomfort arising from holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes. For example, a person who smokes even though they know it is bad for their health may experience cognitive dissonance. |
Priming |
A psychological phenomenon whereby exposure to a stimulus influences a person's subsequent response to another, unrelated stimulus. For example, exposure to violent news stories can prime people to view the world as a more dangerous place. |
Stereotyping |
The act of making assumptions about individuals based on their membership in a particular social group, without regard for their unique qualities or individuality. For example, gender stereotyping refers to assumptions about what behaviors or traits are appropriate for men or women based on their sex. |
Groupthink |
A mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony or conformity within a group overrides the consideration of alternative and dissenting opinions. For example, the ill-fated decision of President Kennedy to approve the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba was the result of a groupthink among advisers who felt pressure to conform to the President's wishes. |
Authority |
The power to influence or command the actions of others based on one's status, position, or expertise. For example, a teacher has authority over his or her students in a classroom. |
Social Identity |
The aspect of a person's self-concept that is based on their membership in a particular social group, such as ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, or political affiliation. For example, social identity theory predicts that people will favor in-group members over out-group members, and that they will perceive their in-group as possessing more desirable traits. |
Political Socialization |
The process by which individuals acquire their political attitudes, values, and beliefs. For example, family, education, and media are all agents of political socialization. |
Stereotype Threat |
The fear of being judged or treated unfairly based on a negative stereotype associated with one's social identity. For example, women who are aware of the stereotype that they are bad at math may perform worse on math tests than men. |