Political Sociology
Definition
Political Sociology is a branch of sociology that explores the relationship between politics and society, looking at how political power is attained, maintained, and used, and how it shapes and is shaped by social structures and relationships.
Key Concepts
- State: A political entity that exercises sovereign control over a territory and its population.
- Power: The ability to influence or control the behavior of others or the course of events.
- Authority: Power that is socially sanctioned and legitimate.
- Legitimacy: The acceptance of authority by those subject to it.
- Democracy: A form of government in which power is ultimately held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.
- Citizenship: The legal and social status of being a member of a state.
- Civil society: The realm of social organizations and institutions that promote values and interests outside of the state.
- Globalization: The process by which economic, social, cultural, and political activity is increasingly becoming global in scope.
Key Thinkers
- Max Weber: Emphasized the importance of authority and legitimacy in the exercise of power.
- Karl Marx: Argued that political power is closely tied to economic power, and that social structures are shaped by the division of labor.
- Michel Foucault: Explored the ways in which power operates at the micro-levels of society, through institutions like prisons, schools, and hospitals.
Important Issues
- Political participation: Who gets to participate in the political process, and how?
- Political violence: The use of violence to achieve political goals.
- Political economy: The relationship between economic systems and political power.
- Social movements: Collective efforts to achieve political or social change from outside mainstream political channels.
Key Takeaways
- Political sociology is concerned with the relationship between politics and society, and how power is attained, used, and legitimized.
- Key concepts include state, power, authority, legitimacy, democracy, citizenship, civil society, and globalization.
- Key thinkers include Max Weber, Karl Marx, and Michel Foucault.
- Important issues include political participation, political violence, political economy, and social movements.