Quiz: Geology

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the study of the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that shape it? A. Geology B. Paleontology C. Oceanography D. Meteorology

2. What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces? A. Erosion B. Weathering C. Deposition D. Sedimentation

3. What type of rock is formed when molten material cools and solidifies? A. Igneous B. Metamorphic C. Sedimentary D. Volcanic

4. What type of rock is formed when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure? A. Metamorphic B. Igneous C. Sedimentary D. Volcanic

5. What is the process by which sediment is transported and deposited in a new location? A. Erosion B. Weathering C. Deposition D. Sedimentation

True or False Questions

1. Geology is the study of the Earth's structure and history. A. True B. False

2. Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces. A. True B. False

3. Igneous rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure. A. True B. False

4. Deposition is the process of transporting and depositing sediment in a new location. A. True B. False

5. Sedimentary rocks are formed when molten material cools and solidifies. A. True B. False

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces is called __________.

Answer: Weathering

1. Rocks that are formed when molten material cools and solidifies are called __________ rocks.

Answer: Igneous

1. Rocks that are formed when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure are called __________ rocks.

Answer: Metamorphic

1. The process by which sediment is transported and deposited in a new location is called __________.

Answer: Deposition

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Answer: Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces, while erosion is the process of transporting and depositing sediment in a new location.

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Practice Sheet: Geology

Introduction

Geology is the study of the Earth and its structure, composition, and processes. It involves studying the history of the Earth, its landforms, rocks, minerals, and other materials that make up the Earth. This practice sheet will help you gain a better understanding of the fundamentals of geology.

What is Geology?

Geology is the scientific study of the Earth and its physical structure, composition, and processes. It is a broad field that includes the study of rocks, minerals, landforms, natural hazards, and fossil fuels. Geologists use a variety of tools to study the Earth, such as maps, aerial photographs, and laboratory experiments.

Types of Rocks

Rocks are made up of minerals, which are solid substances that have a definite chemical composition and structure. Rocks can be divided into three main categories: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks form when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies. These rocks are usually coarse-grained and have a crystalline texture. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and pumice.

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks form from the deposition and compaction of sediments (pieces of rock and minerals). These rocks are usually composed of layers of sedimentary particles, such as sand, clay, and silt. Examples of sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, and shale.

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures and pressures. These rocks are usually composed of minerals that have been altered by heat and pressure. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, and gneiss.

Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the study of the movement of Earth's plates. The Earth's surface is composed of several large plates that move in relation to each other. These plates are made up of oceanic and continental crust, and they move in response to forces within the Earth. Plate tectonics is responsible for the formation of mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Minerals

Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that have a definite chemical composition and structure. They are important components of rocks, and they can also be found in soil, water, and air. Examples of minerals include quartz, feldspar, and mica.

Practice Problems

1. What type of rocks are usually coarse-grained and have a crystalline texture?

Answer: Igneous rocks.

1. What type of rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures and pressures?

Answer: Metamorphic rocks.

1. What is the study of the movement of Earth's plates called?

Answer: Plate tectonics.

1. What is an example of a mineral?

Answer: Quartz.