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Introduction to Game Theory
Game theory is a mathematical tool used to analyze strategic decision-making. It is a way of understanding how people interact with each other when there are incentives to behave in a certain way.
Basic Concepts
Payoff Matrix: A payoff matrix is a table that shows the gains and losses that each player in a game can expect to receive, depending on the actions taken by the other players.
Nash Equilibrium: A Nash equilibrium is when all players in a game have chosen their strategies such that none of them can do better by changing their strategy.
Dominant Strategy: A dominant strategy is a strategy that is the best choice for a player no matter what the other players do.
Practice Problems
- Consider the following payoff matrix:
Player 2 |
Left |
Right |
Up |
4,4 |
0,6 |
Down |
6,0 |
2,2 |
What is the Nash Equilibrium for this game?
Answer: The Nash Equilibrium for this game is Up and Right, as both players will receive the highest payoff when both choose these strategies.
- Consider the following payoff matrix:
Player 2 |
Left |
Right |
Up |
3,3 |
0,6 |
Down |
6,0 |
2,2 |
What is the dominant strategy for Player 1?
Answer: The dominant strategy for Player 1 is Up, as it is the highest payoff regardless of what Player 2 does.